| 1. | PROLOGUE |
| 2. | MAPPED AND LEARNED |
| 3. | DAYTON@30 IN NUMBERS |
| 3.1. | Political Corruption |
| 3.2. | Judicial Corruption |
| 3.3. | Political Rights |
| 3.4. | Electoral Democracy |
| 3.5. | Political Polarization |
| 3.6. | Women's Political Empowerment |
| 3.7. | Civil Liberties |
| 3.8. | Human Rights |
| 3.9. | Media Freedom |
| 3.10. | Freedom of Expression |
| 3.11. | Engaged Society |
| 3.12. | Female Labor Force Participation |
| 3.13. | Unemployment Rate |
| 3.14. | Share of Industry Jobs |
| 3.15. | GDP from Manufacturing |
| 3.16. | GDP from Agriculture |
| 3.17. | GDP from Trade |
| 3.18. | GDP per Capita |
| 3.19. | Money Sent Back by Migrants |
| 3.20. | Foreign Aid Received |
| 3.21. | Number of Emigrants |
| 3.22. | Population Born Abroad |
| 3.23. | Old-Age Dependency Ratio |
| 3.24. | Median Age |
| 3.25. | Vaccination Coverage |
| 3.26. | Primary Energy Consumption |
| 3.27. | Annual CO₂ Emissions |
| 3.28. | Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
| 3.29. | Mobile Phone Usage |
| 3.30. | Internet Usage |
| 4. | DAYTON@30 IN PERCEPTIONS |
| 5. | REFERENCES |
The Art of Negotiations #1 HOW TO END A WAR |
The Art of Negotiations #2 LESSONS LEARNED |
| 1. | PROLOGUE |
| 2. | MAPPED AND LEARNED |
| 3. | DAYTON@30 IN NUMBERS |
| 3.1. | Political Corruption |
| 3.2. | Judicial Corruption |
| 3.3. | Political Rights |
| 3.4. | Electoral Democracy |
| 3.5. | Political Polarization |
| 3.6. | Women's Political Empowerment |
| 3.7. | Civil Liberties |
| 3.8. | Human Rights |
| 3.9. | Media Freedom |
| 3.10. | Freedom of Expression |
| 3.11. | Engaged Society |
| 3.12. | Female Labor Force Participation |
| 3.13. | Unemployment Rate |
| 3.14. | Share of Industry Jobs |
| 3.15. | GDP from Manufacturing |
| 3.16. | GDP from Agriculture |
| 3.17. | GDP from Trade |
| 3.18. | GDP per Capita |
| 3.19. | Money Sent Back by Migrants |
| 3.20. | Foreign Aid Received |
| 3.21. | Number of Emigrants |
| 3.22. | Population Born Abroad |
| 3.23. | Old-Age Dependency Ratio |
| 3.24. | Median Age |
| 3.25. | Vaccination Coverage |
| 3.26. | Primary Energy Consumption |
| 3.27. | Annual CO₂ Emissions |
| 3.28. | Greenhouse Gas Emissions |
| 3.29. | Mobile Phone Usage |
| 3.30. | Internet Usage |
| 4. | DAYTON@30 IN PERCEPTIONS |
| 5. | REFERENCES |
The Art of Negotiations #1 HOW TO END A WAR |
The Art of Negotiations #2 LESSONS LEARNED |
3.12.
Female Labor Force Participation
Share of the female working-age population (15+) who are economically active (employed or unemployed). The labor force participation rate shows the share of working-age people who are either employed (working for pay or profit) or unemployed (not working, but actively looking for work and available to start).
Scale: The Indicator shows the share of the population that is economically active.
Direction of Change
FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION HAS DECLINED INCREMENTALLY
Female labour force participation in Bosnia and Herzegovina shows a slow but persistent downward trend since 1995. After starting at a relatively high level, participation stabilised around its early-2000s range before beginning a steady decline from 2010 onwards. Index data indicates the most pronounced drop occurred after 2015, with no signs of recovery in the years that followed, until the slight 2023 rebound. Even when viewed across key Dayton anniversaries, levels fall incrementally at each milestone, signalling long-term structural barriers rather than short-term fluctuations. Taken together, the data suggest that women’s labour-market participation has decreased incrementally over the past three decades.
Global Rank
Compared with all geographic entities listed in the Index
| 1995 | 2024 | ||
| 40.34 | 39.44 | ||
| #137 out of 187 | #154 out of 183 |
| Europe | World | ||
| 1995 | 2024 | 1995 | 2024 |
| 47.94 | 51.29 | 50.99 | 51.75 |
Note: Population-weighted averages for Europe and the world.
Regional Rank
Compared with six former Yugoslav countries and Albania
| Country | 1995 | 2024 |
|
Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Kosovo Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Slovenia |
51,52 40,34 45,38 /// 42,46 42,73 46,86 51,56 |
53,51 39,44 47,02 /// 41,36 41,69 49,94 53,25 |
Note: In 1995, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo were part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
1995 (highest → lowest): Slovenia, Albania, Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2024 (highest → lowest): Albania, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Conclusion
Female labour force participation in Bosnia and Herzegovina has steadily decreased since 1995, and even though dynamics are incremental, they are not sending out reassuring signals.
Source: ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database (ILOEST) – ILOSTAT, via World Bank (2025) – processed by Our World in Data.